BIOL 310 Exercise Physiology and Human Anatomy
Organ level approach to structure and function of human systems; laboratory emphasis on physiology of exercise. Recommended for physical education majors. Prerequisite: 117. Three lecture hours; laboratory hours by announcement. Four semester hours.

BIOL 210 Botany
Study of plants, algae, and fungi, with emphasis on their taxonomy, anatomy and physiology, ecology, and economic importance. Prerequisite: C or better in 117, or permission of instructor. Three lecture hours and three laboratory hours. Four semester hours.

BIOL 211 Zoology
Study of protozoa and animals, with emphasis on their taxonomy, anatomy and physiology, ecology, and economic importance. Prerequisite: C or better in 117, or permission of instructor. Three lecture hours and three laboratory hours. Four semester hours.

BIOL 212 Genetics
Heredity, cytogenetics, population dynamics, DNA structure and function. Prerequisite: C or better in 117, or permission of instructor. Three lecture hours and four laboratory hours. Four semester hours.

BIOL 225 Plant Taxonomy
Classification and identification of common and economically important plant families with attention to ecological associations; study of regional and greenhouse specimens. Prerequisite: 210 or permission. Three lecture hours and four laboratory/field work hours. Four semester hours.

BIOL 285-288 Research Experience in Biology
Hands-on research experience through assistance in faculty research projects. Prerequisites: 117 and permission of the faculty member directing the project. One semester hour per semester, for a maximum of four semesters.

BIOL 311 Human Anatomy
Study of cellular, histological, structural, and functional aspects of body systems. Focus on the structure of the human body and physiological mechanisms used to maintain homeostasis. Designed for paramedical students in pre-physical therapy and athletic training. Prerequisite: 117. Three lecture hours and three laboratory hours. Four semester hours.

BIOL 312 Developmental Biology
Analysis of development in terms of cell and tissue interactions, cellular differentiation and development of organ systems. Structure and development in plants and animals; experimental embryology. Prerequisites: 117, 211, 212. Three lecture hours and three laboratory hours. Four semester hours.

BIOL 315 Cell Biology
Investigation into the organization and function of cell ultrastructure, specifically the mechanisms by which organic macromolecules interact to create a living system. Cellular energetics, transmembrane transport, intra- and intercellular communication, and cell cycle control and cell death. Prerequisites: 117 and 212. Four semester hours.

BIOL 320 Comparative Anatomy
Comparative study of chordate anatomy stressing evolutionary relationships and homologous structures culminating in study of mammalian anatomy. Study of chordate tissues and their relationships. Prerequisite: 211 or departmental permission. Three lecture hours and three laboratory hours. Four semester hours.

BIOL 340 Tropical Biology
Discussion of neotropical ecosystems, focusing on rainforest structure and function, evolution and coevolution, and ecological interactions among tropical organisms. Following the lecture part of the course will be an analysis of organisms and their habitats in a tropical environment (usually Costa Rica), with emphasis on identification and field research techniques. Students will be responsible for travel and other expenses. Prerequisites: B or better in 210 and 211, and departmental permission. Three lecture hours and four laboratory hours. Four semester hours.

BIOL 350 Special Topics in Biology
Selected topics in biology chosen by the instructor in response to student needs and interests. Prerequisites: 117 and permission of instructor.

BIOL 360 Population and Conservation Biology
Exploration of factors which affect short-term and long-term stability and health of biological populations, including immigration, emigration, recruitment and mortality, and the environmental factors which can affect each of these forces. Emphasis on understanding and manipulating mathematical models of hypothetical populations. Conservation of biological populations and communities, as well as critical natural resources. Prerequisites: 117 and 211. Four semester hours.

BIOL 411 Ecology
Relationships of plants and animals to their biological and physical environment, especially in Appalachia. Prerequisites: 210 and 211, or departmental permission. Three lecture hours and four laboratory hours. Four semester hours.

BIOL 420 Evolutionary Biology
Patterns and processes of organismal change over time, emphasizing both micro- and macroevolution. Development of evolutionary thought, natural selection, speciation, phylogenetics, and the origin of life. Prerequisites: grade of C or better in 212, or permission of instructor.

BIOL 425 General Physiology
Chemical and physical functions of organisms including water balance, movement of materials, gas exchange and hormonal regulations; design of experiments using major instrumental methods, analysis of current literature, and interpretation of data to give understanding of the comparative functions of animals and plants. Prerequisites: Chemistry 211 and C or better in Biology 211, or departmental permission. Three lecture hours and three laboratory hours. Four semester hours.

BIOL 430 Biochemistry
Cell ultrastructure, metabolic pathways, and control mechanisms for cellular processes: respiration, photosynthesis, DNA, replication, protein synthesis, and differentiation. Prerequisites: 117, 118, and Chemistry 211. Three lecture hours and two laboratory hours. Four semester hours.

BIOL 440 Molecular Biology
Introduction to current concepts and experiments in gene manipulation. Study of recombinant DNA technology to understand gene expression and control of cells. Prerequisites: 212, 312, 332, and senior status. Two lecture hours and three laboratory hours. Four semester hours.

BIOL 450 Senior Seminar
Study of current topics in biology based on survey of primary literature. Prerequisite: senior status. One semester hour.

BIOL 470 and 471 Internship I and II
Work experience related to major, supervised by department and a professional in the field. Minimum 120 field work hours; weekly departmental conferences with faculty supervisor. Prerequisites: 2.0 GPA overall and in biology; departmental approval; senior major. Pass-Fail only.

BIOL 490 Honors Project
Prerequisites: junior status, GPA of 3.5 in the major and 3.3 overall, and approval of all faculty members in the department. Three to six semester hours.